Understanding Lichen Planus: Causes, Symptoms, and Latest Treatment Options Lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory condition that can affect the skin, mucous membranes, nails, and hair. Though not contagious or life-threatening, it can be uncomfortable and sometimes difficult to manage. Understanding the causes, identifying symptoms early, and exploring the latest treatment options can significantly improve a person’s quality of life. https://www.marketresearchfuture.com/reports/lichen-planus-market-37780 What Is Lichen Planus? Lichen planus is an autoimmune disorder, meaning it occurs when the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own tissues. This condition most commonly appears as purplish, flat-topped bumps on the skin that may be itchy. When it affects mucous membranes—like those in the mouth or genitals—it can cause painful sores or white patches. The condition can also involve the scalp, causing hair loss, or the nails, leading to ridges or thinning. Lichen planus affects people of all ages, but it is more frequently seen in adults between the ages of 30 and 60. Both men and women can be affected, although oral lichen planus is more common in women. Causes and Risk Factors The exact cause of lichen planus is unknown, but researchers believe it may result from an abnormal immune response. Several factors may trigger or contribute to the development of the condition, including: Viral infections such as hepatitis C Certain medications, including those for high blood pressure, diabetes, or arthritis Allergic reactions to dental fillings or other substances Genetic predisposition in some families Stress and anxiety have also been noted as potential triggers or exacerbating factors in some individuals. Recognizing the Symptoms The signs and symptoms of lichen planus can vary depending on which part of the body is affected. Common symptoms include: Skin lesions: Small, shiny, and flat-topped purplish bumps that may cluster and cause itching. Oral lesions: White patches, open sores, or redness inside the mouth, often causing burning or discomfort. Genital sores: Painful or itchy areas on the genitals. Scalp issues: Redness, irritation, and hair loss. Nail abnormalities: Thinning, ridging, or splitting of the nails. Because the condition can mimic other diseases such as psoriasis or fungal infections, a dermatologist’s evaluation is important. A skin biopsy is often used to confirm the diagnosis. Modern Treatment Options There is currently no cure for lichen planus, but various treatments can relieve symptoms and promote healing. Treatment depends on the severity and location of the condition. Topical corticosteroids: These are usually the first line of treatment for reducing inflammation and itching. Oral medications: In more severe cases, doctors may prescribe corticosteroids, antihistamines, or immunosuppressive drugs. Phototherapy: Ultraviolet light treatments may be effective for widespread skin involvement. Topical retinoids: Used especially for mucosal or stubborn cases. Mouth rinses or gels: These are commonly used for oral lichen planus to reduce pain and inflammation. Patients are often advised to avoid potential irritants such as spicy foods, alcohol, and tobacco when oral lichen planus is present. Maintaining good dental hygiene is also critical in managing oral symptoms. Living with Lichen Planus Lichen planus can be a long-lasting condition, but many cases eventually clear on their own within one to two years. However, recurrences are common. Regular follow-ups with a healthcare provider can help manage flares and monitor for any potential complications, including rare cases where oral lichen planus may increase the risk of oral cancer. With awareness and proper care, most people can manage their symptoms effectively and maintain a good quality of life.